Malingaliro a kampani East Prefabricated House Manufacture (Shandong) Co., Ltd.

Mbiri ya nyumba zomangidwa kale

P

ost-Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse Zopangira Aluminiyamu ndi Nyumba za Zitsulo ndi Kufunika Kwawo Masiku Ano

1. Mbiri

Kumayambiriro kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (WW II), umwini wanyumba zaku US udatsika mpaka 43.6% mu 1940, makamaka chifukwa cha Kupsinjika Kwakukulu komanso kufooka kwachuma ku US pambuyo pake.Panthawi ya WW II, War Production Board idapereka Conservation Order L-41 pa 9 Epulo 1942, ndikuyika zomanga zonse pansi paulamuliro wokhazikika.Lamuloli lidapangitsa kuti omanga alandire chilolezo kuchokera ku War Production Board kuti ayambe ntchito yomanga yodula kuposa malire ena pamiyezi 12 iliyonse mosalekeza.Pomanga nyumba zogona, malirewo anali $ 500, okhala ndi malire apamwamba pamabizinesi ndi zomangamanga.Zotsatira za zinthu izi pakumanga nyumba zogona ku US pakati pa 1921 ndi 1945 zikuwonekera pa tchati chotsatirachi, chomwe chikuwonetsa kutsika kwakukulu panthawi ya Kupsinjika Kwakukulu komanso pambuyo poti Order L-41 idaperekedwa.

KULINGALIRA-KUMANGA-KUMANGA-1921-1945

 

Gwero: "Kumanga M'zaka za Nkhondo - 1942 -45,"
Dipatimenti ya US Labor, Bulletin No. 915

Pofika kumapeto kwa WW II, US inali ndi asitikali pafupifupi 7.6 miliyoni kutsidya lina.Bungwe la War Production Board linathetsa L-41 pa 15 October 1945, miyezi isanu pambuyo pa tsiku la VE (Victory in Europe) pa 8 May 1945 ndi masabata asanu ndi limodzi pambuyo pa WW II itatha pamene Japan idadzipereka mwalamulo pa 2 September 1945. M'miyezi isanu kuyambira tsiku la VE , asilikali pafupifupi 3 miliyoni anali atabwerera kale ku US.Pambuyo pa kutha kwa nkhondo, US idayang'anizana ndi kubwereranso kwa omenyera mamiliyoni angapo.Ambiri m’gulu lalikululi la asilikali akale akanakhala akufunafuna kugula nyumba m’misika yanyumba zomwe sizinali zokonzekera kufika kwawo.Mkati mwa nthawi yochepa ya chaka Order L-41 itathetsedwa, kuchuluka kwa mwezi uliwonse kwa ndalama zogulira nyumba zachinsinsi zidakwera kasanu.Ichi chinali chiyambi chabe cha kukwera kwa nyumba zankhondo pambuyo pa nkhondo ku US.

Mu March 1946Sayansi YodziwikaNkhani ya m'magazini ya mutu wakuti "Stopgap Housing," wolemba, Hartley Howe, anati, "Ngakhale nyumba zokhazikika 1,200,000 zimamangidwa chaka chilichonse - ndipo United States sinamangidwepo ngakhale 1,000,000 m'chaka chimodzi - padzakhala zaka 10 kuti nyumba yonseyo isamangidwe. dziko likusungidwa bwino.Chifukwa chake, kukhala ndi nyumba kwakanthawi ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kusiyana kumeneku. ”Pofuna kupereka chithandizo chanthawi yomweyo, boma la Federal lidapereka nyumba masauzande ambiri azitsulo zankhondo za Quonset zokhala ndi nyumba zosakhalitsa.

Poyang'anizana ndi zovuta zina m'nthawi yankhondo itangotha, mafakitale ambiri anthawi yankhondo adadulidwa kapena kuthetsedwa ndipo kupanga fakitale kulibe ntchito.Ndi kuchepa kwa kupanga zankhondo, makampani opanga ndege ku US adafunafuna mipata ina yogwiritsira ntchito luso lawo lopanga aluminiyamu, zitsulo ndi mapulasitiki pachuma chankhondo pambuyo pa nkhondo.

2. Pambuyo pa WW II prefab aluminiyamu ndi nyumba zazitsulo ku US

Mu kope la 2 September 1946 laAviation Newsmunali nkhani yakuti “Makampani Oyendetsa Ndege Apanga Nyumba za Aluminium kwa Ankhondo Ankhondo,” yomwe inanena kuti:

  • “Opanga ndege 22 ndi theka akuyembekezeka posachedwapa kutenga nawo mbali pantchito yomanga nyumba zomangidwa kale ndi boma.”
  • "Makampani oyendetsa ndege aziganizira kwambiri za FHA (Federal Housing Administration) zovomerezeka za aluminiyamu komanso kuphatikiza kwake ndi plywood ndi kutchinjiriza, pomwe makampani ena azipanga zopangira zitsulo ndi zida zina.Zojambulazo zidzaperekedwa kwa opanga. "
  • “Pafupifupi mapepala onse a aluminiyamu owonjezera pankhondo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kufolera ndi kumangirira m’mbali mwa ntchito yomanga yofulumira;pafupifupi palibe chomwe chatsalira pulogalamu ya prefab.Civil Production Administration yalandira kuchokera ku FHA mfundo za pepala la aluminiyamu ndi zida zina zomwe ziyenera kupangidwa, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zofunika kwambiri.Mapepala ambiri a aluminiyamu a prefabs adzakhala 12 mpaka 20 gauge - .019 - .051 inchi."

Mu Okutobala 1946,Aviation NewsMagazini ina inati: “Nkhondo yoopsya yolimbana ndi aluminiyamu yomanga nyumba, ya ndege ndi zinthu zambirimbiri za pambuyo pa nkhondo mu 1947 siikulitsidwa mopambanitsa ndi Bungwe la National Housing Agency, limene likukambitsirana ndi makampani a ndege kuti amange nyumba za aluminiyamu zomangidwiratu pamlingo wapachaka wokwera kwambiri. 500,000.”……”Chivomerezo chomaliza cha akatswiri a NHA a Lincoln Homes Corp. 'waffle' panel (zikopa za aluminiyamu pamwamba pa zisa za zisa za uchi) ndi sitepe linanso pa ganizo la makampani oyendetsa ndege kuti alowe ntchitoyi.…..kampani ya ndege. Kutulutsa kwa nyumba mu 1947, ngati afika pafupi ndi malingaliro a NHA, kudzakhala kwakukulu kuposa kupanga kwawo ndege, zomwe zikuyerekezedwa kukhala zosakwana $ 1 biliyoni mu 1946. "

Chakumapeto kwa 1946, FHA Administrator, Wilson Wyatt, adanena kuti War Assets Administration (WAA), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu Januwale 1946 kuti iwononge katundu ndi zida zaboma zochulukirapo, kuletsa kwakanthawi mafakitale ochulukirapo a ndege kubwereketsa kapena kugulitsa ndikupereka ndege. opanga ankakonda mwayi wopita kumafakitale otsala anthawi yankhondo omwe angasinthidwe kuti apange nyumba zambiri.WAA anavomera.

Pansi pa ndondomeko ya boma, opanga nyumba za prefab akadatetezedwa ndi ndalama ndi FHA zitsimikizo zolipira 90% ya ndalama, kuphatikizapo lonjezo la Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) logula nyumba iliyonse yosagulitsidwa.

Opanga ndege ambiri adakambirana koyamba ndi FHA, kuphatikiza: Douglas, McDonnell, Martin, Bell, Fairchild, Curtis-Wright, Consolidated-Vultee, North America, Goodyear ndi Ryan.Boeing sanalowe nawo pazokambiranazi ndipo Douglas, McDonnell ndi Ryan adatuluka msanga.Pamapeto pake, opanga ndege ambiri sanafune kudzipereka okha ku pulogalamu yanyumba ya pambuyo pa nkhondo, makamaka chifukwa cha nkhawa zawo zakusokoneza mapangidwe awo a fakitale ya ndege zomwe zilipo potengera kuyerekeza kwa msika wa kukula ndi nthawi ya msika wa prefab komanso kusowa kwa mgwirizano weniweni. Malingaliro ochokera ku FHA ndi NHA.

Mlandu woyambirira wa bizinesi wa pambuyo pa nkhondo ya aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zanyumba zomwe zidapangidwa kale zinali zoti zitha kupangidwa mwachangu kwambiri komanso kugulitsidwa mopindulitsa pamtengo womwe unali wocheperako kuposa nyumba zokhazikika zamatabwa.Kuphatikiza apo, makampani opanga ndege adabwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zidatayika pambuyo pa WW II ndipo adatetezedwa ku chiwopsezo chawo chachikulu chazachuma popanga nyumba zopangira nyumba.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti makontrakitala omanga ndi mabungwe omangamanga amatsutsana ndi pulogalamuyi kuti apange nyumba zambiri zomangidwa kale m'mafakitale, chifukwa izi zidzachotsa bizinesi kuchoka kumakampani omanga.M’mizinda yambiri mabungwe a mabungwe salola kuti mamembala awo akhazikitse zipangizo zopangiratu.Zinthu zinanso zovuta kwambiri, malamulo omanga a m'deralo ndi malamulo oyendetsera malo sizinali zogwirizana ndi ntchito yaikulu yomanga nyumba zomangidwa mochuluka, zomangidwa kale.

Chiyembekezo choyembekezeka chopanga ndi kumanga nyumba zambiri zopangira aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo pambuyo pa WW II USA sizinachitike.M'malo mopanga nyumba masauzande ambiri pachaka, opanga asanu otsatirawa aku US adapanga nyumba zosakwana 2,600 zopangira aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo pazaka khumi zotsatira za WW II: Beech Aircraft, Lincoln Houses Corp., Consolidated-Vultee, Lustron Corp. . ndi Aluminium Company of America (Alcoa).Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zopangira zopangira nyumba zowonjezera zowonjezera zinapanga mayunitsi 37,200 mu 1946 ndi 37,400 mu 1947. Kufuna msika kunalipo, koma osati kwa aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zopangira nyumba.

US post-WW II nyumba zopangira aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo

Opanga awa aku US sanachitepo kanthu pothandizira kuthetsa kusowa kwa nyumba pambuyo pa WW II.Ngakhale zili choncho, nyumba za aluminiyamu ndi zitsulozi zimakhalabe zitsanzo zofunika za nyumba zotsika mtengo zomwe, pansi pazikhalidwe zabwino, zikhoza kupangidwa mochuluka ngakhale lero kuti zithandize kuthetsa kuchepa kwa nyumba zotsika mtengo m'madera ambiri a m'matauni ndi akunja kwatawuni ku US.

Zina mwazofuna zanyumba zaku US pambuyo pa WW II zidakwaniritsidwa ndi kusiyana koyimitsa, nyumba zosakhalitsa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopangiranso, zida zotsalira zankhondo zankhondo za Quonset, nyumba zankhondo, nyumba zosakhalitsa zamabanja zopepuka, zogona zonyamula, ma trailer, ndi "nyumba zogwetsedwa. ,” zomwe zinapangidwa kuti ziphwasulidwe, kuzisuntha ndi kuziphatikizanso paliponse pamene pakufunika kutero.Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za pambuyo pa WW II kuyimitsa nyumba ku US mu nkhani ya Hartley Howe ya Marichi 1946 mu Popular Science (onani ulalo pansipa).

Makampani omanga adakula mwachangu pambuyo pa WW II kuti athandizire kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwa nyumba ndi nyumba zomangidwa mokhazikika, ndipo ambiri akumangidwa m'mathirakiti akuluakulu m'madera akumidzi omwe akukulirakulira.Pakati pa 1945 ndi 1952, a Veterans Administration adanenanso kuti idathandizira ngongole zanyumba pafupifupi 24 miliyoni kwa omenyera nkhondo a WW II.Omenyera nkhondowa adathandizira kulimbikitsa umwini wanyumba waku US kuchoka pa 43.6% mu 1940 mpaka 62% mu 1960.

Nyumba ziwiri zopangira aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zaku US pambuyo pa WW II zabwezeretsedwa ndipo zikuwonetsedwa pagulu m'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale awa:

Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuyendera nyumba zingapo za WW II Quonset ku Seabees Museum ndi Memorial Park ku North Kingstown, Rhode Island.Palibe omwe adavala ngati nyumba ya anthu wamba pambuyo pa WW II.Tsamba la museum lili pano:https://www.seabeesmuseum.com

Mupeza zambiri m'nkhani zanga za US post-WW II prefabricated aluminiyamu ndi nyumba zachitsulo pamalumikizidwe awa:

3. Pambuyo pa WW II prefab aluminiyamu ndi nyumba zachitsulo ku UK

Kumapeto kwa WW II ku Europe (VE Day ndi 8 May 1945), UK idakumana ndi vuto lalikulu lanyumba pomwe asitikali awo adabwerera kwawo kudziko lomwe lidataya nyumba pafupifupi 450,000 chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwankhondo.

Pa 26 Marichi 1944, Winston Churchill adalankhula mawu ofunikira akulonjeza kuti UK ipanga nyumba 500,000 zomangidwa kale kuti zithetse kusowa kwa nyumba komwe kukubwera.Chakumapeto kwa chaka, Nyumba Yamalamulo idapereka Lamulo la Nyumba (Zokhala Zakanthawi), 1944, ndikuyimba Unduna wa Zomangamanga ndikupereka njira zothetsera kusowa kwa nyumba ndikupereka mayunitsi 300,000 mkati mwa zaka 10, ndi bajeti ya $ 150 miliyoni.

Lamuloli linapereka njira zingapo, kuphatikizapo kumanga nyumba zosakhalitsa, zomangidwa kale ndi moyo wokonzekera mpaka zaka 10.The Temporary Housing Programme (THP) idadziwika kuti pulogalamu yanyumba ya Emergency Factory Made (EFM).Miyezo yofanana yopangidwa ndi Ministry of Works (MoW) imafuna kuti mayunitsi onse opangidwa kale ndi EFM akhale ndi zinthu zina, kuphatikiza:

  • Malo osachepera 635 sqft (59 m2)
  • Kuchuluka kwa ma modules opangidwa kale a 7.5 mapazi (2.3 m) kuti athe kuyenda ndi msewu m'dziko lonselo
  • Limbikitsani ganizo la MoW la "gawo lothandizira," lomwe limayika khitchini ndi bafa mobwerera m'mbuyo kuti muchepetse mipope ndi zingwe zamagetsi ndikuthandizira kupanga fakitale.
  • Factory utoto, ndi "magnolia" (yellow-woyera) monga choyambirira mtundu ndi gloss wobiriwira ngati chepetsa mtundu.

Mu 1944, Unduna wa Zantchito ku UK udachita chiwonetsero chapoyera ku Tate Gallery ku London mitundu isanu ya nyumba zosakhalitsa zomangidwa kale.

  • Choyambirira cha Portal all-steel prototype bungalow
  • AIROH (Aircraft Industries Research Organisation on Housing) aluminiyamu bungalow, yopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zochulukirapo za ndege.
  • Bungalow yopangidwa ndi zitsulo za Arcon yokhala ndi mapanelo a konkire ya asbestos.Deign iyi idasinthidwa kuchokera ku prototype yazitsulo zonse za Portal.
  • Mapangidwe awiri opangidwa ndi matabwa, Tarran ndi Uni-Seco

Chiwonetsero chotchukachi chinachitikiranso mu 1945 ku London.

Nkhani za kagawidwe kazinthu zidachedwetsa kuyamba kwa pulogalamu ya EFM.Portal yazitsulo zonse idasiyidwa mu Ogasiti 1945 chifukwa chakusowa kwachitsulo.Chapakati pa 1946, kusowa kwa nkhuni kudakhudza opanga ena opanga ma prefab.Nyumba zonse ziwiri za AIROH ndi Arcon zidakumana ndi kukwera kosayembekezereka kwa kupanga ndi zomanga, zomwe zidapangitsa ma bungalows akanthawi awa kukhala okwera mtengo kuposa nyumba zamatabwa ndi njerwa.

Pansi pa Pulogalamu ya Lend-Lease yomwe inalengezedwa mu February 1945, a US adagwirizana kuti apereke UK ndi US-bungalows yomangidwa ndi nkhuni zomwe zimatchedwa UK 100. Chopereka choyamba chinali cha mayunitsi a 30,000, omwe pambuyo pake adachepetsedwa kukhala 8,000.Mgwirizano wa Lend-Lease uwu udatha mu Ogasiti 1945 pomwe UK idayamba kudzipangira okha nyumba zopangiratu.Zoyamba zomangidwa ku UK 100 zoyambirira ku US zidafika kumapeto kwa Meyi / koyambirira kwa Juni 1945.

Ntchito yomanganso nyumba ku UK pambuyo pa nkhondo inali yopambana, yopereka nyumba zatsopano zokwana 1.2 miliyoni pakati pa 1945 ndi 1951. Panthawi yomanganso iyi, nyumba zosakhalitsa za 156,623 zamitundu yonse zinaperekedwa pansi pa pulogalamu ya EFM, yomwe inatha mu 1949, yopereka nyumba zogwirira ntchito. anthu pafupifupi theka la milioni.Zoposa 92,800 mwa izi zinali zosakhalitsa za aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zachitsulo.AIROH aluminium bungalow inali mtundu wotchuka wa EFM, wotsatiridwa ndi Arcon steel frame bungalow ndiyeno chimango chamatabwa Uni-Seco.Kuphatikiza apo, nyumba zopitilira 48,000 za aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zokhazikika zidamangidwa ndi AW Hawksley ndi BISF panthawiyo.

Poyerekeza ndi nyumba zochepa kwambiri za aluminiyamu pambuyo pa nkhondo ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zomangidwa ku US, pambuyo pa nkhondo yopanga aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zopangira zitsulo ku UK zinali zopambana kwambiri.

M'nkhani ya 25 June 2018 mu Manchester Evening News, wolemba Chris Osuh adanena kuti, "Zikuganiziridwa kuti pakati pa 6 kapena 7,000 mwazinthu zomwe zachitika pambuyo pa nkhondo zitsalira ku UK ... .." Prefab Museum imakhala ndi mapu ophatikizana odziwika bwino. malo a post-WW II prefab house ku UK pa ulalo wotsatirawu:https://www.prefabmuseum.uk/content/history/map

Prefab-Museum-map-850x1024

 Chithunzithunzi cha mapu a Prefab Museum (osaphatikiza zoyambira ku Shetlands, zomwe zili pamwamba pa chithunzichi).

 

Ku UK, udindo wa Grade II umatanthauza kuti kapangidwe kake ndi kofunikira kudziko lonse komanso chidwi chapadera.Ma prefabs akanthawi ankhondo ochepa okha ndi omwe adapatsidwa udindo ngati katundu wa Gulu II:

  • M'malo a Phoenix steel frame bungalows omangidwa mu 1945 pa Wake Green Road, Moseley, Birmingham, nyumba 16 mwa 17 zidapatsidwa mwayi wa Giredi II mu 1998.
  • Nyumba zisanu ndi imodzi za Uni-Seco zamatabwa zomangidwa mu 1945 - 46 ku Excalibur Estate, Lewisham, London zinapatsidwa udindo wa Grade II mu 2009. mitundu ingapo.

Ma prefabs angapo akanthawi kochepa pambuyo pa nkhondo amasungidwa kumalo osungiramo zinthu zakale ku UK ndipo amapezeka kuti aziyendera.

Ndikuganiza kuti Prefab Museum ndiye gwero labwino kwambiri lazambiri za UK post-WW II prefabs.Pamene idapangidwa mu Marichi 2014 ndi Elisabeth Blanchet (mlembi wa mabuku angapo ndi zolemba za UK prefabs) ndi Jane Hearn, Prefab Museum inali ndi nyumba yopanda munthu pa Excalibur Estate kumwera kwa London.Moto utatha mu Okutobala 2014, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale idatsekedwa koma idapitiliza ntchito yake yosonkhanitsa ndikujambulitsa zokumbukira, zithunzi ndi zokumbukira, zomwe zimaperekedwa pa intaneti kudzera pa tsamba la Prefab Museum pa ulalo wotsatirawu:https://www.prefabmuseum.uk

Mupeza zambiri m'nkhani zanga zaku UK pambuyo pa WW II zopangira aluminiyamu ndi nyumba zachitsulo pamalumikizidwe awa:

4. Pambuyo pa WW II prefab aluminiyamu ndi nyumba zachitsulo ku France

Kumapeto kwa WW II, France, monga UK, inali ndi kusowa kwakukulu kwa nyumba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nyumba ndi nyumba zomwe zidawonongeka kapena kuwonongedwa pazaka zankhondo, kusowa kwa zomangamanga zatsopano panthawiyo, komanso kusowa kwa zinthu zothandizira zatsopano. kumanga nkhondo itatha.

Pofuna kuthana ndi kusowa kwa nyumba mu 1945, Nduna Yomanganso ndi Urbanism ku France, a Jean Monnet, adagula nyumba 8,000 za UK 100 zomwe UK idapeza kuchokera ku US pansi pa mgwirizano wa Lend-Lease.Nyumbazi zinamangidwa ku Hauts de France (kufupi ndi Belgium), Normandy ndi Brittany, kumene ambiri akugwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano.

Unduna Woona za Ntchito Yomanganso ndi Kukonza Matawuni unakhazikitsa zofunika za nyumba zosakhalitsa za anthu omwe athawa kwawo chifukwa cha nkhondo.Zina mwa njira zoyambilira zomwe zinafunidwa zinali nyumba zomangidwa kale za 6 x 6 mita (19.6 x 19.6 mapazi);Kenako anakulitsidwa kufika mamita 6 × 9 (19.6 x 29.5 mapazi).

Pafupifupi nyumba zosakhalitsa za 154,000 (a French omwe amatchedwa "baraques"), m'mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, adamangidwa ku France pambuyo pa nkhondo, makamaka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa France kuchokera ku Dunkirk mpaka ku Saint-Nazaire.Zambiri zidatumizidwa kuchokera ku Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria ndi Canada.

Wothandizira wamkulu wa nyumba zopangira aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zaku France anali Jean Prouvé, yemwe adapereka njira yatsopano yopangira "nyumba yoduka," yomwe imatha kumangidwa mosavuta kenako "kudulidwa" ndikusamukira kwina ngati pakufunika.Chitsulo chofanana ndi "chithunzi cha portal" chinali nyumba yonyamula katundu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, ndi mapanelo akunja opangidwa ndi matabwa, aluminiyamu kapena zinthu zophatikizika.Zambiri mwa izi zidapangidwa molingana ndi kukula komwe adafunsidwa ndi Unduna wa Zomangamanga.Paulendo wopita ku msonkhano wa Prouvé ku Maxéville mu 1949, Eugène Claudius-Petit, yemwe panthaŵiyo anali Nduna Yoona za Ntchito Yomanganso ndi Urbanism, anafotokoza kutsimikiza mtima kwake kulimbikitsa kupanga mafakitale a “nyumba zandalama zomwe zangopangidwa kumene (zokonzedweratu).”

Masiku ano, nyumba zambiri za aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo za Prouvé zimasungidwa ndi zomangamanga ndi osonkhanitsa zojambulajambula Patrick Seguin (Galerie Patrick Seguin) ndi Éric Touchaleaume (Galerie 54 ndi la Friche l'Escalette).Nyumba khumi za Prouvé's Standard Houses ndi nyumba zake zinayi zamtundu wa Maison zomangidwa pakati pa 1949 - 1952 ndi nyumba zomwe zimadziwika kuti.Cité"Sans souci,” m’matawuni a Paris ku Muedon.

Nyumba ya Prouvé ya 1954 komanso malo ake ophunzirira omwe adasamutsidwa mu 1946 ndi otsegulidwa kwa alendo kuyambira kumapeto kwa sabata yoyamba mu June mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala ku Nancy, France.Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nancy ali ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zapagulu zopangidwa ndi Prouvé.

Wolemba mabuku Elisabeth Blanchet akuti nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale “Mémoire de Soye yakwanitsa kumanganso 'mabara' atatu osiyanasiyana: UK 100, yaku France ndi yaku Canada.Amakonzedwanso ndi mipando yochokera kunkhondo komanso nthawi yomweyo nkhondo itatha.Mémoire de Soye ndiye nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yokhayo ku France komwe mungayendere malo opangirako nkhondo pambuyo pa nkhondo. "Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ili ku Lorient, Brittany.Tsamba lawo (mu French) lili pano:http://www.soye.org

Mupeza zambiri za nyumba za aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zachi French pambuyo pa WW II m'nkhani yanga yokhudza nyumba zogwetsedwa za Jean Prouvé pa ulalo wotsatirawu:https://gkzaeb.a2cdn1.secureserver.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Jean-Prouvé-demountable-houses-converted.pdf

5. Pomaliza

Ku US, kupanga kwakukulu kwapambuyo pankhondo yopangira aluminiyamu ndi nyumba zachitsulo sikunachitike.Lustron anali wopanga wamkulu kwambiri wokhala ndi nyumba 2,498.Ku UK, nyumba zopitilira 92,800 zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zosakhalitsa zidamangidwa ngati gawo la nyumba zomangidwa pambuyo pankhondo zomwe zidapereka nyumba zosakhalitsa za 156,623 zamitundu yonse pakati pa 1945 ndi 1949, pulogalamuyo itatha.Ku France, mazana a nyumba zopangira aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zomangidwa kale zidamangidwa pambuyo pa WW II, ndipo ambiri adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyumba zosakhalitsa za anthu omwe adasamutsidwa ndi nkhondo.Mwayi wopanga nyumba zambiri zotere sunayambe ku France.

Kusachita bwino ku US kudachokera kuzinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza:

  • Mtengo wokwera kutsogolo kuti ukhazikitse mzere wopangira nyumba zambiri zopangira nyumba, ngakhale mufakitale yayikulu, yowonjezera nthawi yankhondo yomwe inalipo kwa wopanga nyumbayo pazachuma.
  • Njira zopezera zinthu zosakhwima zothandizira fakitale yopangira nyumba (ie, ogulitsa osiyanasiyana amafunikira kuposa fakitale yakale ya ndege).
  • Zogulitsa zosagwira ntchito, zogawa ndi zoperekera nyumba zopangidwira.
  • Zomangamanga zosiyanasiyana, zosakonzekera za m'deralo ndi malamulo oyendetsera malo adayimilira njira yokhazikitsira ndi kumanga nyumba zokhazikika, zosakhala zachikale.
  • Kutsutsidwa ndi mabungwe omanga ndi ogwira ntchito omwe sanafune kutaya ntchito chifukwa cha nyumba zopangidwa ndi fakitale.
  • Wopanga m'modzi yekha, Lustron, adapanga nyumba za prefab mochulukirapo komanso kupindula ndi chuma chambiri.Opanga enawo adapanga zocheperako kotero kuti sakanatha kusintha kuchoka pakupanga mpaka kupanga zambiri.
  • Kukwera kwamitengo yopangira zinthu kumachepetsedwa kapena kuchotseratu mtengo woyambira womwe udanenedweratu wa nyumba zopangira aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo, ngakhale za Lustron.Iwo sakanatha kupikisana pamtengo ndi nyumba zomangidwa mwachizolowezi.
  • Pankhani ya Lustron, milandu yokhudza katangale yamakampani idapangitsa bungwe la Reconstruction Finance Corporation kuti liwononge ngongole za Lustron, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kampaniyo iwonongeke msanga.

Kuchokera mu maphunziro awa a pambuyo pa WW II, komanso ndi chidwi chatsopano mu "nyumba ting'onoting'ono", zikuwoneka kuti payenera kukhala bizinesi ya fakitale yamakono, yowonongeka, yanzeru kuti ikhale yotsika mtengo yopangira nyumba zokhazikika zomangidwa kale. kuchokera ku aluminiyamu, chitsulo, ndi/kapena zipangizo zina.Nyumba zomangidwa kalezi zitha kukhala zazikulu pang'ono, zamakono, zowoneka bwino, zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu (zovomerezeka ndi LEED), komanso kusinthika pang'ono pomwe zikulemekeza kapangidwe kake.Nyumbazi ziyenera kupangidwa kuti zizipangidwa mochuluka ndikukhazikika pamagawo ang'onoang'ono m'matauni ndi madera akumidzi.Ndikukhulupirira kuti ku US kuli msika waukulu wamtundu uwu wa nyumba zotsika mtengo, makamaka ngati njira yothetsera kusowa kwa nyumba zotsika mtengo m'madera ambiri a m'matauni ndi akumidzi.Komabe, pali zopinga zazikulu zomwe ziyenera kugonjetsedwera, makamaka komwe mabungwe ogwira ntchito yomanga akuyenera kuyima m'njira, ku California, komwe palibe amene angafune nyumba yabwino kwambiri yomwe ili pafupi ndi McMansion wawo.

Mutha kutsitsa kope la pdf la positiyi, osaphatikiza zolembazo, apa:

https://gkzaeb.a2cdn1.secureserver.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Post-WW-II-aluminium-steel-prefab-houses-converted.pdf
6. Kuti mudziwe zambiri

Vuto lanyumba la US pambuyo pa WW II ndi nyumba zokonzedweratu:

Kuvuta kwa nyumba ku UK pambuyo pa WW II ndi nyumba yokhazikika:

Mavuto a nyumba za ku France pambuyo pa WW II ndi nyumba zokonzedweratu:

Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-12-2022
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