Nyumbayi, yomwe ili pakati pa minda ya mpesa ku Napa Valley ku California, ili m'magawo oyambirira kupangidwa.
Kuwonjezera pa nyumba yaikulu (yomwe Oakland, Calif. Womangamanga Toby Long amatanthauza kalembedwe ka Napa barn), polojekitiyi ikuphatikizapo nyumba ya dziwe ndi nkhokwe ya phwando, Bambo Long akusonyeza.Malo owonetsera kanema, chipinda chachikulu chosungiramo zinthu, dziwe losambira, jacuzzi, khitchini yachilimwe, dziwe lalikulu lowonetsera ndi zipinda zakunja zimabweretsa phwando kunyumba.Koma ngakhale kuti ndi yapadera, nyumba yabwinoyi ndi imodzi mwazowonjezereka za nyumba zamakono zamakono zomwe zikutuluka ku United States pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira kale.
Anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri, motsogozedwa ndi kufunikira kodzipatula panthawi ya mliri, akusankha kumanga nyumbazi, zomwe zingawononge mamiliyoni, ngati si mamiliyoni a madola, chifukwa zimamangidwa bwino kwambiri, ndipamwamba kwambiri, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, mosiyana ndi miyambo.amatha kumalizidwa mwachangu kwambiri kuposa njira zomangira pamalowo.
A Long, omwe akhala akumanga nyumba zomangidwa kale pansi pa mtundu wa Clever Homes kwazaka zopitilira makumi awiri, adati mtunduwo "ukudzuka ku tulo ta America.Mukatchula nyumba zomangidwa kale kapena zokhazikika, anthu amaganiza za kuchuluka kwapamwamba, kutsika.cholowa chake chotsika mtengo ndi njira yovuta. "
Steve Glenn, CEO komanso woyambitsa Plant Prefab ku Rialto, California, wamanga nyumba pafupifupi 150, kuphatikiza 36 ku Palisade, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi m'chigawo cha Lake Tahoe ku Olympic Valley, omwe amagulitsidwa $1.80.miliyoni mpaka $5.2 miliyoni.
"Nyumba zokonzedweratu zimatchuka ku Scandinavia, Japan ndi madera ena a ku Ulaya, koma osati ku US," adatero Glenn.“M’zaka zingapo zapitazi, tawona kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa madongosolo;zina ndi zokhudzana ndi Covid chifukwa anthu amatha kusankha komwe akufuna kugwira ntchito ndi kukhala. ”
Dongosolo lomanga la Plant Prefab limapereka njira yabwino komanso yodziwikiratu yomangira nyumba zapamwamba munthawi yochepa yomanga ku Lake Tahoe, pomwe kusowa kwa anthu odziwa bwino ntchito kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ku US West Coast, atero mkulu wa Brown Studio komanso mwini wake Lindsey Brown.kampaniyo idapanga chitukuko cha Palisades.Prefab "imatiteteza ku zovuta zokayikitsa pakupanga," adawonjezera.
Ngakhale kuti nyumba yoyamba yojambulidwa yojambulidwa inali mu 1624 - inapangidwa ndi matabwa ndipo inatumizidwa kuchokera ku England kupita ku Massachusetts - lingaliroli silinatengedwe pamlingo waukulu mpaka nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, pamene anthu ankafunika kumanga nyumba zotsika mtengo mwamsanga.Ndizosangalatsa kuti mpaka chaka chatha kapena ziwiri, omanga nyumba akhala akugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zapamwamba zapamwamba komanso nyumba zapamwamba zogona.
Iyi si njira yotsika mtengo.Mtengo wapakati wa nyumba yokonzedweratu imakhala pakati pa $500 ndi $600 pa phazi lalikulu, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwera kwambiri.Pamene kukonza malo, mayendedwe, kumaliza ndi kukongoletsa malo akuwonjezeredwa ku izi, mtengo wonse womaliza ukhoza kuwirikiza kawiri kapena katatu.
"Nyumba zamakono zamakono ndi zapadera," a Mr.Long anatero.“Si anthu ambiri amene amachita zimenezo.Ndimamanga nyumba 40 mpaka 50 pachaka, ndipo ziwiri kapena zitatu zokha ndizo nyumba zazikulu.”
Anawonjezeranso kuti nyumba zomangidwa kale zitha kukhala njira yothandiza m'malo opumira ngati Telluride, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi gofu ku Colorado, komwe nyengo yachisanu ya Rocky Mountain imatha kusokoneza nthawi yomanga.
“Nkovuta kumanga nyumba kuno,” Long anatero.“Kumanga nyumba motsatira ndondomeko ya omanga kungatenge zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, ndipo nyengo yomanga imakhala yochepa chifukwa cha nyengo.Zinthu zonsezi zimakakamiza anthu kufufuza njira zina zomangira.Nthawi yanu imatha kufupikitsidwa ndi kuphweka pogwira ntchito ndi ogwira nawo ntchito kufakitale. ”
Ananenanso kuti nyumba zomangidwa modula zitha kumangidwa mu gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu kapena theka la nthawi yomwe zimatengera njira zamamangidwe zachikhalidwe."Titha kumaliza ntchitoyi m'chaka chimodzi m'malo mwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu monga m'mizinda yambiri," adatero.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya nyumba zomangidwa kale pamsika zomwe zimapezeka kwa omanga nyumba zapamwamba: modular ndi panel.
M'dongosolo lokhazikika, zomangira zimamangidwa mufakitale, kutumizidwa kumalo, kuyikidwa ndi crane, ndikumalizidwa ndi makontrakitala wamba ndi ogwira ntchito yomanga.
M'makina achikhalidwe opangidwa ndi insulated panels, mapanelo omangidwa ndi thovu lotsekereza amapangidwa kufakitale, kupakidwa nyumba, ndikutumizidwa pamalo ochitira msonkhano kuti akasonkhanitsidwe.
Zambiri mwazomangamanga za Bambo Long ndi zomwe amazitcha "hybrid": zimaphatikiza zinthu zofananira ndi gulu ndi zomangira zapamalo ndipo, kutengera wopanga nyumbayo, makina oyika chizindikiro omwe amaphatikiza mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a onse awiri.
Mwachitsanzo, ku Napa Valley Estate, dongosolo la matabwa linali lopangidwa kale.Pali ma module a 20 mu polojekitiyi - 16 ya nyumba yaikulu ndi 4 ya nyumba ya dziwe.Nyumba yosungiramo phwando, yomangidwa ndi matabwa omangidwa kale, inamangidwa kuchokera ku nkhokwe yosinthidwa yomwe inagwetsedwa ndi kukokeredwa ku malowo.Malo akuluakulu okhala m'nyumbayi, kuphatikizapo chipinda chachikulu chowala, ndi zigawo zokha za polojekiti yomwe inamangidwa pamalopo.
"Ntchito zokhala ndi ndalama zambiri komanso zomangamanga zovuta komanso zoyenera nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi gawo lomanga pamalopo," adatero Bambo Long, ndikuwonjezera kuti zinthu zomwe zili ndi nyumba zachikhalidwe ndizo zomwe zimakweza ndalama.
Katswiri wa zomangamanga a Joseph Tanny, amagwira ntchito kukampani ya New York ya RESOLUTION: 4 ARCHITECTURE, amagwira ntchito zopanga 10 mpaka 20 pa chaka, makamaka ku New York's Hamptons, Hudson Valley, ndi Catsky.zopangidwa motsatira miyezo ya LEED.
"Tapeza kuti njira yodzikongoletsera imapereka mtengo wapatali kwambiri pa nthawi ndi ndalama poyerekeza ndi khalidwe lonse la polojekitiyi," adatero Bambo Tunney, wolemba mabuku wa Modern Modularity: Prefabricated House Solutions: 4 Architectures.“Pogwiritsa ntchito luso la ma module opangidwa ndi matabwa, tinatha kumanga pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya nyumba m’fakitale.Tikamamanga kwambiri kufakitale, m'pamenenso timakwera mtengo.”
Kuyambira Epulo 2020, patatha mwezi umodzi kuchokera pamene mliri udayamba, pakhala "kuchuluka" pakufunsira nyumba zamakono, adatero.
Brian Abramson, CEO komanso woyambitsa wa Method Homes, womanga nyumba wokhazikika ku Seattle yemwe amamanga nyumba kuyambira $1.5 miliyoni mpaka $10 miliyoni, wati "aliyense akuyenda ndipo akufuna kusintha miyoyo yawo" chifukwa cha mliriwu, iye. akuti.ntchito kutali.
Ananenanso kuti njira yabwino komanso yodziwikiratu yopangiratu idakopa makasitomala ambiri omwe amamanga nyumba zawo."Kuonjezera apo, misika yambiri yomwe timagwira ntchito imakhala ndi antchito ochepa komanso makontrakitala am'deralo kwa zaka zambiri, choncho timapereka njira yofulumira," adatero.
Njira zopangira nyumba zimamangidwa fakitale m'masabata 16-22 ndikusonkhanitsidwa pamalowo tsiku limodzi kapena awiri."Kenako amatenga paliponse kuyambira miyezi inayi mpaka chaka kuti amalize, malingana ndi kukula ndi kukula kwa polojekitiyo komanso kupezeka kwa ogwira ntchito m'deralo," adatero Bambo Abramson.
Pafakitale ya Prefab, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira yake yosonkhanitsa mafakitale kuchokera kumagulu apadera ndi ma modules, bizinesi yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwambiri moti kampaniyo ikumanga chomera chachitatu, chomera chodzipangira chokha chomwe chingathe kupanga mayunitsi 800 pachaka.
"Dongosolo lathu limapereka kusinthasintha kwapangidwe komanso kuyenda kwamagulu ndi phindu la modularity munthawi ndi mtengo," adatero a Glenn, ndikuwonjezera kuti "amakometsedwa kwa nyumba zomangidwa mwachizolowezi."
Yakhazikitsidwa mu 2016, kampaniyo imagwira ntchito m'nyumba za bespoke zopangidwa ndi situdiyo yake komanso omanga a gulu lachitatu, ndi cholinga "chopanga zomanga zokhazikika kuti zitheke," malinga ndi Glenn."Pachifukwa ichi, tikufunikira njira yomanga yomanga nyumba yokhazikika, yapamwamba komanso yokhazikika: fakitale yokhala ndi matekinoloje ndi machitidwe omwe angapangitse kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yofulumira, yodalirika, yogwira ntchito komanso yochepetsera zinyalala."
Dvele, womanga nyumba za prefab ku San Diego, akukumana ndi kukula kofananako.Idakhazikitsidwa zaka zisanu zapitazo, imatumiza kumayiko 49, ndipo ikukonzekera kufalikira ku Canada ndi Mexico, ndipo pamapeto pake padziko lonse lapansi.
"Timapanga ma modules a 200 pachaka ndipo pofika 2024, tikatsegula chomera chathu chachiwiri, tidzatha kupanga ma modules 2,000 pachaka," adatero Kellan Hanna, mkulu wa chitukuko ku kampaniyo."Anthu omwe amagula nyumba zathu amapeza ndalama zowirikiza kawiri komanso amapeza ndalama zambiri, koma tikuchoka pakusintha makonda."
Nyumba zokonzedweratu si njira yokhayo yomwe si yachikhalidwe yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omanga makonda ndi makasitomala awo.Zida zamakono ndi zida zamtengo wapatali, monga zomwe zimapangidwa ndi Lindal Cedar Homes ku Seattle, zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba za turnkey zodula pakati pa $ 2 miliyoni ndi $ 3 miliyoni.
"Dongosolo lathu silinasokoneze zomanga," atero woyang'anira ntchito Bret Knutson, ndikuwonjezera kuti chidwi chakula 40% mpaka 50% kuyambira mliriwu.“Makasitomala amatha kusankha pagulu lotseguka kwambiri.Malingana ngati akukhalabe m'dongosololi, amatha kupanga nyumba yawo kukula ndi kalembedwe kalikonse komwe angafune."
Ananenanso kuti makasitomala amakonda "mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakono komanso yapamwamba yapanyumba ndipo amasangalala ndi kusinthasintha kwa machitidwe ndi machitidwe."
Lindal ndiye wopanga wamkulu ku North America wopanga nyumba za post-and-transom, makamaka akutumikira makasitomala ku US, Canada ndi Japan.Imakhala ndi zida zapanyumba, zimatenga pakati pa miyezi 12 ndi 18 kuti imange, ndipo monga nyumba zachikhalidwe, imamangidwa pamalopo kuchokera ku zotengera zotumizira, mwayi wokhala ndi malo obisika kapena zilumba zatchuthi zomwe sizingafikidwe ndi galimoto.
Lindal, yemwe ali ndi maukonde ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi, posachedwapa adagwirizana ndi kampani yomangamanga ya ku Los Angeles ya Marmol Radziner kuti amange nyumba yokhala ndi masikweya mita 3,500 komanso nyumba ya alendo ku Hawaii.
"Ubwino wa zida ndi kalasi yoyamba," adatero Bambo Knudsen.“Mitanda yoyera bwino ndi yoyera m’mbali mwa mkungudza.Ngakhale matabwawo amapangidwa ndi mkungudza wooneka bwino ndipo amawononga pafupifupi $1,000 iliyonse.”
[Zidziwitso za Mkonzi: Nkhani ya m'mbuyomu inaimilira molakwika za minda ya mpesa ya Napa Valley chifukwa cha chidziwitso cholakwika choperekedwa ndi Global Domain.Nkhaniyi yasinthidwa kuti iwonetsere kuti polojekitiyi idakali pakupanga.]
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Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-26-2022